Frequency Control Enhancement in Multi Area Power Systems Using Demand Response and PI-Fuzzy Controller in the Presence of Renewable Energy Sources

Authors

https://doi.org/10.48314/imes.v2i2.41

Abstract

Frequency control in interconnected power systems is a critical and persistent challenge, particularly as these networks continue to expand in scale, complexity, and structural diversity. Under severe disturbances, such as substantial generation outages or sudden load variations, the imbalance between power supply and demand can cause the system frequency to deviate beyond acceptable operational limits. In such scenarios, a fast, effective, and reliable control response is essential. Nevertheless, conventional frequency regulation approaches including primary control via turbine governors and secondary control through Automatic Generation Control (AGC) may not provide adequate performance due to the inherently slow mechanical dynamics of synchronous generators, especially during the first few seconds following a disturbance. The integration of fast acting energy storage systems, such as batteries and supercapacitors, can significantly enhance transient stability and dynamic frequency performance. Maintaining frequency stability requires precise coordination between generated and consumed power, as frequency deviations are directly associated with power imbalances and critically influence system reliability, operational efficiency, and power quality. Governors modulate turbine input to restore the nominal frequency and reestablish power balance; however, their responsiveness remains limited in the early disturbance period. This study examines advanced frequency regulation mechanisms and highlights the role of renewable energy resources and energy storage technologies in improving system responsiveness and enhancing the overall stability of modern power systems. 

Keywords:

Frequency control, Load response, Power systems, Renewable energy resources, Power balance

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Published

2025-04-23

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Intelligence Modeling in Electromechanical Systems

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Seyedi, M. (2025). Frequency Control Enhancement in Multi Area Power Systems Using Demand Response and PI-Fuzzy Controller in the Presence of Renewable Energy Sources. Intelligence Modeling in Electromechanical Systems, 2(2), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.48314/imes.v2i2.41

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